IPv4
Learn how IPv4 addresses are written and used.
IPv6
Learn why IPv6 was created and how its addresses are written.
Public vs private IP
Understand the difference between the address visible to the internet and addresses used inside local networks.
NAT
Learn how routers translate between private network addresses and a public IP.
VPN and proxy
Understand how VPNs and proxies can affect the IP visible to destination websites.
DNS and firewall
Learn how DNS resolution and firewall rules fit into network communication.
Live network results can depend on your connection and third-party data providers.